A flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of post-stroke aphasia types in the Chinese language and treatment of post-stroke aphasia / 中华老年医学杂志

This article aims to comprehensively review the concept, etiology, classification, classical cortical mapping, assessment, a proposed flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, mechanisms of development and recovery, prognosis, and influencing factors for post-stroke aphasia(PSA)types in the Chinese language.We emphasize the necessity and significance of neuroimaging assessment of the brain and blood vessels and neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PSA in Chinese.We also recommend and encourage the use of the dichotomies of internal vs.external and anterior vs.posterior as a starting point, based on the association of anatomical locations of the brain and blood vessels with brain language areas and language disorders.A classification system of PSA in Chinese developed from this approach in the form of a flowchart is well-suited for guiding the clinical treatment of cerebral stroke.Incorporating the "four elements" , the flowchart enables convenient diagnosis, classification and differential diagnosis of PSA in Chinese and facilitates targeted and personalized rehabilitation planning to benefit the patient.This article introduces the use of memantine, piracetam, donepezil and other drugs for PSA treatment, evaluates clinical trials on memantine conducted in China and abroad and its mechanisms of action for the treatment of PSA, and discusses how rehabilitation therapy achieves therapeutic effects.For the treatment of PSA, clinical research and practice using drugs such as memantine, piracetam and donepezil in combination with non-pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation training should be promoted.

Study of word naming reaction time of reading Chinese in patients with mild Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the pattern and the time course changes of semantic and phonological processing during Chinese language cognition study in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsPatients with mild AD and MCI and normal controls matched with age, gender, level of education were enrolled in the single-character words naming task, which applied short and long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Semantic, homophonic, semihomophonic and unrelated primes preceded the words as well as nonwords targets. Subjects were asked to read the targets aloud. Semantic and phonological priming effects were analyzed by comparing reaction time of semantic, homophonic or semihomophonic related targets to unrelated targets. The reaction time and accuracy for each response were recorded.ResultsThe mean reaction time of mild AD and MCI patients were prolonged for all types of priming in contrast with normal controls. Responses of the normal controls were faster during the long SOA comparing to short SOA, whereas the mild AD group's reaction time was longer for long SOA than for short SOA. Normal controls exhibited homophonic priming, whereas mild AD and MCI groups exhibited tonal inhibition effects.ConclusionThe speed of Chinese language cognitive processing decreased in mild AD and MCI patients. The phonological encoding and accessing ability may be impaired in mild AD and MCI.

Lexical decision reaction time study of reading Chinese in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To delineate the changes in pattern and time course of semantic and phonological processing during Chinese language cognition study in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Patients with mild AD(n=32)and MCI (n=39) as well as normal controls (NC, n=40) matched with age, gender, level of education were enrolled in the study. Subjects completed Chinese compound word decision task applying both short and long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Semantic, homophonic, semihomophonic and unrelated primes preceded the real words as well as nonwords targets. Subjects were asked to judge whether the targets were real words or nonwords. The reaction time and accuracy were recorded for each response. Semantic and phonological priming effects were analyzed by comparing the related primes versus unrelated primes. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were conducted for reaction time and accuracy respectively. Results The mean reaction times of mild AD and MCI groups were prolonged (411 ms and 234 ms) for all types of priming in contrast with NC(P

Tridimensional metrological analysis of Baogan Jiedu Granule on liver cell ultrastructure of model mice with acute liver injury induced by tetracycline / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the effect of Baogan Jiedu Granule on liver cell ultrastructure of model mice with acute liver injury induced by tetracycline.Methods Totally 60 mice were randomly divided into tetracycline model group,large-dosage,medium-dosage and small-dosage groups of Baogan Jiedu Granule,Ganlixin group and control group.Each group was respectively perfused with corresponding drug for 5 days and tetracycline was perfused once to make the model.The tissues were observed by electron microscope,and the liver cell ultrastructure was measured and analyzed by three-dimensional metrology.Results The amount of mitochondria Vv,heterochromatin Vv,mitochondria ?m,endoplasmic reticulum ?m and Golgi's apparatus ?m all obviously decreased in model group,while that of euchromatin Vv and lipid droplet Vv increased.Baogan Jiedu Granule could remarkably increase the amount of indexes referred above,and decrease the amount of euchromatin Vv and lipid droplet Vv.Conclusion Baogan Jiedu Granule can significantly ameliorate the pathologic change of liver cell ultrastructure,thus having a good hepatoprotective effect.